System

A system is an organized, interconnected set of components working together as a unified whole to achieve a specific purpose or function. These components can be physical (e.g., hardware, organs), abstract (e.g., rules, processes), or digital (e.g., software, networks), and they interact through defined relationships or protocols.

Systems can be open (interacting with their environment) or closed (self-contained), and range from simple (e.g., a thermostat) to complex (e.g., ecosystems, economies, operating systems). They designed to maintain stability, efficiency, and adaptability, often producing emergent properties—results greater than the sum of their parts. Through structured collaboration and feedback loops.