Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) is the nodal agency to regulate the capital market and other related issues in India. It was established in 1988 as an administrative body and was given statutory recognition in January 1992 under the SEBI Act 1992 which came into force on January 30. The Act charged the SEBI, the first national regulatory body in India with comprehensive statutory powers over practically all aspects of capital market operations, “to protect the interests of the investors and to promote the development of, and to regulate the securities markets by such measures as it thinks fit.” Also learned, NSE, Explain, What is SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India)?
Learn, Explain, What is SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India)?
SEBI has been vested most of the functions and powers under the Securities Contract Regulation (SCR) Act, which brought stock exchanges, their members, as well as contracts in securities which could be traded under the regulations of the Ministry of Finance. It has also been delegated certain powers under the Companies Act.
In addition to registering and regulating intermediaries, service providers, mutual funds, collective investment schemes, venture capital funds and takeovers, SEBI is also vested with the power to issue directives to any person(s) related to the securities market or to companies in areas of issue of capital, transfer of securities and disclosures. It also has powers to inspect books and records, suspend registered entities and cancel the registration.
Before the establishment of Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), the principal legislation governing the securities market in India was the capital issues control act 1956 and the securities contract act 1956. The regulatory powers were vested with the controller of capital issues for the primary market and the stock exchange division for the secondary market in the Ministry of Finance, Government of India.
SEBI has been constituted on the lines of Securities and Exchange Commission of USA. SEBI is consisting of the Chairman and 8 Members (one member representing the Reserve Bank of India, two members from the officials of Central Government and five other public representatives to be appointed by the Central Government from different fields). SEBI has been playing an active role in the Indian Capital Market to achieve the objectives enshrined in the SEBI Act, 1992.
The major objective of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) may be summarized as follows:
- To provide a degree of protection to the investors and safeguard their rights and to ensure that there is a steady flow of funds in the market.
- To promote fair dealings by the issuer of securities and ensure a market where they can raise funds at a relatively low cost.
- To regulate and develop a code of conduct for the financial intermediaries and to make them competitive and professional.
- To provide for the matters connecting with or incidental to the above.
Section 11 of the SEBI Act deals with the powers and functions of the SEBI as follows:
It shall be the duty of Board to protect the interests of the investors in securities and to promote the development of and to regulate the securities market by measures as deemed fit.
To achieve the above, the Board may undertake the following measures:
- Regulating the business in stock exchanges;
- Registering and regulating the working of stock brokers, sub-brokers, share transfer agents, bankers to an issue, merchant bankers, underwriters, portfolio managers;
- Registering and regulating the working of the depositories, participants, credit rating agencies;
- Registering and regulating the working of venture capital funds and collective investment schemes, including mutual funds;
- Prohibiting fraudulent and unfair trade practices relating to securities markets;
- Promoting investors education and training of intermediaries of securities markets;
- Prohibiting insider trading in securities;
- Regulating substantial acquisition of shares and take-over of companies; and
- Calling for information from undertaking, inspection, concluding inquiries and audits of the stock exchanges, mutual funds, other persons associated with the securities market intermediaries and self-regulatory organizations in the securities market.
In order to attain these objectives, SEBI has issued Guidelines, Rules, and Regulations from time to time. The most important of these is the “SEBI (Disclosure and Investor Protection) Guidelines,2000”. The provisions of these Guidelines,2000 are aimed to protect the interest of the investors in securities.
The Guidelines, 2000 deals with the following areas :
- Eligibility norms for companies issuing securities,
- Pricing of securities by companies,
- Promoters contribution and lock-in requirements,
- Pre-issue obligations of the merchant bankers,
- Contents of the prospectus/abridged prospectus letter of offer,
- Post issue obligation, of merchant bankers,
- Green shoe option,
- Guidelines on advertisements,
- Guidelines for issue of debt instruments,
- Guidelines for the book building process,
- Guidelines on public offer through the stock exchange on-Line system,
- Guidelines for issue of capital by financial institutions,
- Guidelines for preferential issues of securities,
- Guidelines for bonus issues,
- Other operational and miscellaneous matters.
In order to regulate and control and to provide a code of conduct for the merchant bankers, other participants of the capital market, and other matters relating to the trading of securities, Securities, and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has issued several Rules and Regulations.
These are related to Bankers to the issues, Buyback of securities, Collective Investments Schemes, Delisting of securities, Depositors, Derivatives, Employee stock options, Foreign Institutional Investors(FII’s), Insider Trading, Lead Manager, Market Makers, Merchant Bankers, Mutual Funds, Ombudsman, Portfolio Manager, Registrars and Share Transfer Agents, Securities Lending Scheme, Sweat Equity, Stock Brokers and sub-brokers, Takeover Regulations, Transfer of Shares, Underwriters, Unfair Trade Practices, venture capital Funds, Annual Reports, etc.
